What natural feature did the Incan Empire cover that contributed to its diverse agriculture?

The Incan Empire's extensive geography played a significant role in its agricultural diversity, primarily due to its coverage of mountains. The Andes mountain range, which runs along the western edge of South America, provided varied climates and altitudes that allowed for the cultivation of a wide range of crops and farming techniques. Different elevations created unique microclimates, which were suitable for growing various crops such as potatoes, maize, quinoa, and various cereals, making agriculture diverse and adaptive.

While deserts and rainforests do exist near the Incan territories, they do not encompass the core of the Incan agricultural practices. The deserts present challenges for agriculture due to water scarcity, and while some rainforests are present in adjacent regions, the Incas primarily utilized the mountains for their agricultural innovations. The correct answer highlights that the mountains were particularly instrumental in facilitating the wide range of agricultural practices that defined Incan society, allowing for efficient food production and the sustenance of its large population.