How many people died of disease during the conquest of Tenochtitlan?

During the conquest of Tenochtitlan, the catastrophic impact of disease, especially smallpox, is estimated to have resulted in the deaths of approximately 20 million people. This figure reflects the devastating toll that European-introduced diseases had on the indigenous populations of Mesoamerica, who lacked immunity to such illnesses. The spread of these diseases preceded, accompanied, and followed the Spanish conquest, leading to the rapid decline of the indigenous populace, which was already weakened by war and famine during the conflict.

The large-scale mortality attributed to disease is a crucial aspect of understanding the consequences of European colonization in Mesoamerica. It illustrates how the conquest was not merely a result of military conflict but also significantly influenced by the introduction of foreign pathogens that decimated the population. The other estimates, while they acknowledge the severe effects of disease, fall short of capturing the full extent of mortality experienced by the indigenous peoples during this period.